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51.
Brackish water ecosystems are often exposed to wide variations in environmental variables, including temperature and salinity, which may cause strong selective pressures on organisms modifying the genetic patterns of species. The aim of this work was to test whether there is a ‘divergence-with-gene flow’ in coastal lagoon populations of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) (Ria Formosa, S Portugal and Mar Menor, SE Spain) respect to four marine populations, by using partial sequences of cyt b mitochondrial gene and information from nine microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was highest in both coastal lagoons (Mar Menor and Ria Formosa) considering mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Although some of FST population pairwise comparisons were not significant, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) detected differences between groups (coastal lagoon and marine) close to significance. Also, only two haplotypes (Cytb-17 and Cytb-18) were detected in both coastal lagoon sampling sites and these localities (Mar Menor and Ria Formosa) showed the highest number of singletons, some of them with a high number of mutations, as has been already described for other Mar Menor populations (Pomatochistus marmoratus and Holothuria polii). Also, several tests detected significant positive and balancing selection considering mtDNA and microsatellite data. These data support the hypothesis of selection as one of the drivers of the genetic differences found between coastal lagoon and marine populations. The life strategy adopted by Diplodus sargus in coastal lagoons allows it to decrease its mortality rate and improve the heritability of its genes. Also, the increase time spent in coastal lagoons with different temperatures and salinities favours the fitness selection and the maintenance of exclusive haplotypes and genotypes in coastal lagoon inhabitants favouring the ‘divergence-with-gene-flow’. 相似文献
52.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):591-599
The genus Conus has over 500 species and is the most species-rich taxon of marine invertebrates. Based on mitochondrial DNA, this study focuses on the phylogenetics of Conus, particularly the pennaceus complex collected along the Mozambican coast. Phylogenetic trees based on both the 16S and the 12S ribosomal genes grossly revealed the same groupings: one that clustered the individuals from the north (Pemba, Nacala and Island of Mozambique), another that grouped the individuals from the central/southern coast (Pomene/Massinga and Inhambane) and a third that assembled the specimens from the central/southern islands (Bazaruto and Inhaca). The 16SrRNA-based trees further distinguished the northern group into a Nacala group and a Pemba+Island of Mozambique group. In all trees, C. p. bazarutensis and C. lohri collected on the central/southern islands grouped separately from the C. p. bazarutensis and C. lohri collected on the central/southern coast, suggesting a genetic similarity between these species. Likewise, C. praelatus revealed greater proximity to C. pennaceus from Pemba. Although different topologies were produced by each gene (low bootstrap support in some nodes), we support the hypothesis of a southward ancestral colonisation pattern, indicated by the 16SrRNA trees. The common ancestor would have shifted from planktonic to non-planktonic larval development and this weak vagility would have promoted the divergence between north and south specimens. Our results suggest that the separation of these groups might have been a relatively recent event, and part of the current morphological variability could be the outcome of phenotypic plasticity and/or ecological adaptation. 相似文献
53.
从河北秦皇岛采集的用无水乙醇保存的鸭嘴舌形贝(Lingula anatina)样品中提取了DNA,经PCR扩增后进行克隆,得到了2条长度为682 bp的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶第I亚基(COI)基因片段。调用GenBank中日本有明海和中国香港的鸭嘴舌形贝同源序列,用邻接法和贝叶斯法构建了系统发育树,结果表明:秦皇岛地区的鸭嘴舌形贝与日本有明海的鸭嘴舌形贝形成姊妹群,具有较近的亲缘关系,与香港的鸭嘴舌形贝亲缘关系较远。初步分析认为西太平洋地区鸭嘴舌形贝现有的地理分布并不是由浮游幼虫的扩散引起的,不同地区鸭嘴舌形贝的差异可能跟地理隔离有关。 相似文献
54.
东海原甲藻线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因的定量检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
建立了检测东海原甲藻线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因mRNA含量的实时荧光定量PCR方法.以甲藻Cytb基因的简并引物扩增得到984 bp长的东海原甲藻Cytb基因片段,经克隆、测序,制备并纯化质粒.以光度法测定质粒浓度并作为标准品.对上述基因片段,利用PRIMER EXPRESS 3.0 设计引物,以梯度稀释的质粒标准品进行定量PCR反应,以SYBR Green I为荧光染料,制作标准曲线,得到基因拷贝数X与Ct值的关系为:Ct=-3.50 lg X+39.35(相关系数r为0.999).通过对不同生长时期的东海原甲藻样品的Cytb基因mRNA含量检测,发现该基因的表达量较稳定,平均值为(45.4±4.7)拷贝/细胞,受生长状态影响不大,可作为实时荧光定量PCR的内参基因. 相似文献
55.
测定三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)9个个体COI基因部分序列467 bp,7个个体16S rRNA基因部分序列519 bp,同时测定样品蟹1个个体COI基因部分序列468 bp.结合GenBank中收集的梭子蟹科COJ,16S rRNA两个基因所有同源序列信息,使用Kimura双参数模型采用邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)构建梭子蟹科分子系统发育树;将样品蟹测得的COI基因序列和已知鲟属的其他蟹同源序列(429 bp)进行比对分析.结果分析表明:两个基因片段序列平均碱基AT数量分数都明显高于GC数量分数;梭子蟹属与美青蟹属关系最近,蟳属应为区别于梭子蟹属、美青蟹属、青蟹属的另一支,支持蟳属应划分在短桨蟹亚科的观点;根据遗传距离以及转换/颠换(R)值分析,判定出样品蟳为锐齿蟳.本试验运用线粒体基因片段探讨了梭子蟹类的系统发育关系以及样品蟹的种类鉴定,为线粒体基因片段在梭子蟹的物种鉴定和系统发育重建中的开发和利用提供重要参考. 相似文献
56.
Sequence variation of partial cytochrome b genes between two Coilia species, C. ectenes and C. mystus, was investigated. Of the 402 nucleotides, twenty-seven (6.72%) are polymorphic and all are synonymous substitutions. At
the third positions of genetic condon of cytochrome b gene, the two species show an extreme anti-G bias (<4%) and a pronounced bias towards A and C (>68%). There is no amino acid
sequence divergence between the partial cytochrome b genes of the two species, indicating a close genetic relationship between them. The k-2p genetic distance of partial cytochrome
b segment of the two species is 0.072, suggesting that the species were separated 3.6 Ma ago, in the middle Pliocene. Our result
reveals that the cytochrome b gene is an appropriate marker for studies of population genetic structures and phylogeographic patterns of the two species. 相似文献
57.
趋磁细菌能够形成纳米级的磁小体,磁小体排列成链作为生物磁针使细菌沿氧化还原梯度在地磁线上移动。磁小体独特的晶体和磁性特征使其在生物技术、医药和地质生物学应用等领域有巨大的潜力,磁小体的细胞生物学特征也使其成为原核生物细胞器研究的理想模型。本文介绍了近年来在趋磁细菌基因组和磁小体链形成机制方面的研究进展。 相似文献
58.
59.
基因组大小(或称C值)作为生物单倍体细胞中全套染色体的DNA总量,在一定程度上是恒定的,因而C值可以作为生物物种的一个特定参数。深海热液和冷泉为更好地理解C值与不同环境之间的关系提供了一个特征性的模型。本文采用流式细胞术,测定了来自热液和冷泉环境中的10种深海无脊椎动物的C值,其分布范围从0.87 pg到12.28 pg,其中,相比于软体动物和多毛类,甲壳生物基因组大小及变异均较大。对比热液和冷泉两个群落中共有种(深海偏顶蛤Bathymodiolus platifrons、柯氏潜铠虾Shinkaia crosnieri以及长角阿尔文虾Alvinocaris longirostris)的基因组大小,发现C值差异并不显著。同时,综合已有的数据,对深海化能极端环境与其他环境条件下的物种C值进行对比分析,结果显示深海化能极端环境下生物的基因组大小并没有发现明确的变化趋势。 相似文献
60.
The genome size(C-value) of an organism is referring to the DNA content of its non-replicated haploid chromosome complement,generally deduced from measuring somatic diploid nuclei.We presented genome size(C-value) data obtained by flow cytometry for four commercially important crabs(Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica,Scylla paramamosain,and Eriocheir sinensis) common in the coast of China.Gallus domesticus(2C=2.5 pg) was used as the internal standard.The results showed that the C-value for P.trituberculatus,C.japonica,S.paramamosain,and E.sinensis were(2.31±0.01) pg,(2.33±0.03) pg,(1.64±0.02) pg,and(2.29±0.03) pg,respectively.The C-value of P.trituberculatus,C.japonica and S.paramamosain were reported for the first time.The data represented by the four species indicated that they had lower DNA contents than average DNA values in crustaceans((4.99±0.48) pg),and three of the four values were very similar if not identical.The results provide useful data for future studies in the fields of biodiversity,species conservation,and phylogeny of these commercial crabs.They will also be helpful in instructing the hybridization breeding program and estimating the cost of the whole genome sequencing project. 相似文献